Jack Williams Shteamer, Mayson Augustus Callaway, Parth Patel & Vinita Singh Ketamine is a potent NMDA antagonist which is frequently used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain, sedation, induction and maintenance of anesthesia, and ICU sedation. It exerts […]

Robert C. Meisner, MD Ketamine was once used mainly as an anesthetic on battlefields and in operating rooms. Now this medication is gaining ground as a promising treatment for some cases of major depression, which is the leading cause of […]

Felix Liriano, Candace Hatten, MD, and Thomas L Schwartz, MD. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) continues to make headlines given multiple military engagements across the world and civilian traumas, and resultant PTSD development continues at an even pace. Currently, antidepressant and […]

Batya Swift Yasgur, MA, LSW Ketamine was originally approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an anesthetic, but is increasingly being used to treat mood disorders, such as treatment-resistant depression, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Several studies […]

Tim Newman Glutamate is an amino acid and the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. In recent years, studies have hinted that glutamate might be involved in anxiety. Reductions in glutamate activity seem to increase anxious behavior, and glutamate levels within the hippocampus — […]

Carolyn Rodriguez, et. al. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), the first-line pharmacological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), have two limitations: incomplete symptom relief and 2–3 months lag time before clinically meaningful improvement. New medications with faster onset are needed. As converging […]

Tracie White In 2012, running out of answers, Rivas took part in the first clinical trial to test ketamine as a treatment for OCD. While ketamine is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an anesthetic, it is […]

Maher, Dermot P MD, MS; Chen, Lucy MD; Mao, Jianren MD, PhD Intravenous ketamine infusions have been used extensively to treat often-intractable neuropathic pain conditions. Because there are many widely divergent ketamine infusion protocols described in the literature, the variation […]

Marieke Niesters, Christian Martini, Albert Dahan The anaesthetic ketamine is used to treat various chronic pain syndromes, especially those that have a neuropathic component. Low dose ketamine produces strong analgesia in neuropathic pain states, presumably by inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate […]

an NMDA receptor antagonist most often known for its effectiveness in anesthesia particularly in the battlefield where it delivers prompt pain relief without creating cardiovascular issues.  It’s also known for its use – in high doses – as the recreational […]